SUB-SAHARA AFRICAN JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES (SJHSS)
VOL 19 (6) MARCH, 2021 ISSN: 2316-7989
Published by:
Sub-Sahara African Academic Research Publications,
Centre for African Development Studies, University of Ibadan,
P. O. Box 10108, U. I. Post Office. Ibadan Oyo State, Nigeria, West-Africa.
Email: ssaapublications@gmail.com
PAPERS:
ETHNO-RELIGION VIOLENCE IN ZARLAND ECONOMY
*WADAM Z.S.**ADAMU E.R. ***ZAKKA S. W. ****ZAKKA V.4
*&**Department of Arts Education, Faculty of Education, University of Jos, Plateau State ***Department of Criminology and Security Studies, Faculty of Social Science, University of Jos, Plateau State Faculty of Law, ****Bauchi State University Gadau, Bauchi State
ABSTRACT
The paper examines the effects of ethno-religious violence in Zarland. It also focuses attention on the economic aspect, which has experienced a considerate lack of development in recent time. The paper addressed the identified areas of interest such as: business transactions between neighbouring towns and villages, transportation, production and making of crops and farm animals. It becomes necessary to preface possible solutions to such problems and make recommendations that will help to bring back to cordial relations enjoyed between Christians and Muslims in the distance past and restore the lost glory of Zarland because of the persistent violence. The paper emphasized the need for peaceful co-existence in the area and nationwide so that the development programmes will be achieved.
Keywords: Ethno-religious, violence, effects, Zarland, economy.
THE PLACE OF AGENCY THEORY IN THE INTERPRETATION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATA
EBBAH EMMANUEL & ABDULMALIK ABDULMALIK A.
Department of Archaeology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
Abstract
The beauty of every archaeological investigation is the interpretation of the past through material remains. Among the principles and theories for archaeological interpretation is Agency. Agency is a principle used to explain and resolve issue in the relationship between environment and human. This is just all about putting people back in the past and the relationship between them (humans); consequences of their action and their environment. This paper is a review of the concept of Agency from general perspective to archaeological interpretation; highlighted the themes of archaeological agency; and as well as the significances of Agency Theory in Archaeological interpretation.
Keywords: Archaeology, Agency theory, Interpretation, Relationship and Action.
SUSTAINED SOCIO-POLITICAL COLONIAL LEGACIES: THE BANE OF NORTH-SOUTH DIVIDE IN NIGERIA
AKWANGA YUSUF BELLO
National Defence College, Abuja, Nigeria Post-Graduate School, Department of History and International Studies, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia, Nigeria
Abstract
Although colonialism positively impacted on colonised nations, it left behind more adverse impacts on them. Quite regrettably, the negative legacies of colonialism have been sustained by various indigenous Nigerian governments since independence. Drawing from secondary data, this paper reveals that the colonialists laid the foundation for the North-South divide in Nigeria, while Nigerian indigenous leaders have sustained and worsened colonial wrongs. It concisely examines the negative socio-political legacies (misdeeds) of the colonialists, which basically include the forced amalgamation of the North and the South by Lord Luggard, wrong boundary demarcation, obnoxious colonial policies, and the erosion of indigenous Nigerian cultures and systems. The indigenous leaders have continuously degenerated the colonial wrongs with failed leadership, rural underdevelopment, corruption, incitement, ethno-religious politics and discrimination, regionalism, Hausa-Fulani political hegemony, resource allocation and control contestation, citizenship question [indigene vs. non-indigene palaver], ethnic hate and religious fundamentalism, among others. In conclusion, the study blames both colonial and indigenous Nigerian leaders for the sustained division between the North and the South. It calls for a change through operational legislations. It is grounded by the diffusion innovation theory, which explains why and how Nigerian leaders have learnt from colonial leaders, adopted and sustained their negative leadership legacies
Keywords: Sustained, Socio-political, Legacies, Bane, North-South divide
DALA HILL: OVERVIEW OF ITS IMPACT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF KANO EMIRATE
IFEOLUWA O. FALOLA
Department of History, Bayero University Kano
Abstract
Dala Hill is of paramount significance to history of Kano and Northern Nigeria. It is not just a mere historical site or an antique but, specifically occupies a strategic position in foundation in the root of the origin of the people of Kano emirate which is now modern day Kano state. Gaya, a small village about 60 kilometers from present Kano seemed to have played an important role in the establishment of Kano after migration to the place now called Kano. Data was collected using written sources through library research. This paper examines the socio-economic impact of the Dala Hill on the development of Kano emirate through socio-economic activities such as migration, commerce, smelting of iron ore smelting, recreation and tourism, mining, agriculture, religious festivals.
Keywords: Dala Hill, Kano, commerce, migration, agriculture, recreation, tourism, iron-ore smelting, festival
ASSESMENT OF BABCOCK UNIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATES’ DEPENDENCE ON TWITTER RETWEETS, FOLLOWERS AND LIKES FOR SOCIAL VALIDATION
*HELEN ODUNOLA ADEKOYA (PHD), **AGBOKE, IDAYAT ANUOLUWAPO
*&**Department of Mass Communication, Babcock University, Ogun State, Nigeria,anuagboke@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
In their social formative process, a lot of young people depend on the social media for social recognition and validation. Twitter as a social media platform has evolved by creating a new outlook on life for the youths since its inception in 2006. Premised on this observation, the study examined the way(s) in which Twitter’s “retweets, followers and likes” affect students’ confidence and affirmation of social validation. Hinged on the two-step flow, uses and gratification and the dependency media theories, the study adopted analytical survey using the questionnaire as research instrument. The study revealed a correlation between retweets, followers, likes and students’ image in their social environment as it influences their increased online presence, gratifies their social consciousness, popularity or status as an opinion leader. on the strength of these findings that social media and Twitter in particular play significant role in the social perception of young people, the study suggest a more realistic approach wherein youths are made to understand the sometimes unrealistic nature of online contents which mostly are reflections of the persona its users want others to see and how it can induce susceptibility to unrealistic social media prescribed standards.
Keywords: Retweets, Followers, Likes, Social Validation, Confidence.
MOBILE HEALTH APPLICATIONS: USAGE, GENDER DIFFERENCES AND HEALTH LITERACY AMONG UNDERGRADUATES IN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, AKURE
SOLO-ANAETO, MARGARET, ERNEST-ONUIRI, PATRICIA E, JEGEDE, OMOLAYO OLUSHOLA, AJAYI, MOYINOLUWA
Department of Mass Communication Veronica Adeleke School of Social Sciences Babcock University, Ilisan-Remo, Ogun state, Nigeria
Abstract
Studies indicate that undergraduates utilise mobile health applications for self-care health management. However, there is limited attention to gender differences in usage of mobile health applications and influence of usage on health literacy of undergraduates. This was the focus of this study employing uses and gratification and social categories theories as framework. Descriptive survey was conducted using structured validated questionnaire as research instrument. Multi-stage sampling was used to select 419 undergraduates of Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria as respondents. Data were analyzed quantitatively and findings show that undergraduates use mobile health apps regularly with diagnostic health apps being the most used. There was no significant difference (t=1.56, P>0.05) in the usage of mobile health apps by males and female undergraduates; difference only exists in the type of mobile health apps used. Correlation (p=0.786, P>0.05) between mobile health apps usage and health literacy of undergraduates was established. It is concluded that both Nigerian undergraduates (male and female) use mobile health apps to support their health care management. Health literacy of undergraduates is improved with regular usage of mobile health apps. This study recommended that health practitioners should encourage undergraduates to use mobile health apps to complement their health care efforts.
Keywords: Health, Health literacy, Gender differences, Mobile health applications, Undergraduates, Usage of mobile health applications
A SYSTEM PROTOTYPE FOR AN ENHANCED YORÙBÁ LANGUAGE MENU OPTION OF THE AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINE (ATM)
*OYEBADE, F. O.; **ADÉJÙMỌ̀, J. A; & **Aranuwa, F.O
*Department of Linguistics and Languages, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria **Department of Computer Science, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria, Department of Linguistics and Languages, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
Abstract
The research work is focused at developing an enhanced version of the Yorùbá language menu option of the ATM built on an enhanced translation equivalence model and introduction of Yorùbá tone mark in order to assist users who are monolingual only in Yorùbá language to effectively interact with the system. To achieve the objective of the work, the researcher employed the equivalence translation model designed for the work and adopted traditional structured systems analysis and design methodology (SSADM) to build the system prototype. Java packages such as Java Swing, Classes and Java AWTwas incorporated in the system development. Netbean IDE was used in designing the simulation software due to its effectiveness in designing state-of-the-art GUI. The software testing and investigation was conducted engaging specialists to provide stakeholders with information about the quality and function of the system model. The performance of the system prototype showed that the new translation model is not only an improvement over the existing paradigm, but also will vastly stimulate user’s response and expansion of the ATM usage in the interior parts of the country.
Keywords: Translation Model, SSADM, Java Packages, ATM Network, Host Processor
ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC ENLIGHTENMENT STRATEGY IN REDUCING THE INCIDENCE OF DRUG ABUSE AMONG YOUTHS IN FAGGE AND KURA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF KANO STATE
*SULEIMAN IDRIS; **NUHU TUKUR IBRAHIM; & ***NAJAHATU ABDULLAHI RA’IS
*,**&***Department of Public Administration, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
Abstract
Drug abuse and other associated problems constituted a major threat to the survival and effective functioning of human societies all over the world as it uses and abuse by youths have become one of the most disturbing health related phenomenon. The objective of the study is to asses the extent to which public enlightenment strategy reduce the incidence of drug abuse among youths in Fagge and Kura Local Government Areas of Kano State. The study adopted a cross sectional survey research design. The population of the study comprised of officials of Drug Demand Reduction Unit, of NDLEA, as well as the youths in Fagge and Kura local government areas of Kano state, which is 182,977. The sample size of the study was 382. This was determined using Krejcie and Morgan Statistical Formula (1970). The method of sampling technique adopted was the cluster sampling technique. The study utilized both primary and secondary sources of data and used questionnaire, interview as instruments for generating primary data. The instruments used for secondary data include annual report of NDLEA, published and unpublished work, magazines as well as the internet. The data were presented and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tool of correlation analysis. Evaluation theory by Edward Suchman, (1967) was adopted for the study and it was generally revealed that the public enlightenment strategy on the reduction of drug abuse among youths in Fagge and Kura local government area was inadequate and on the decline. However, it is pertinent to recommended that NDLEA should embark on aggressive public enlightenment campaign on drug abuse. Everybody should be involved in the crusade against drug abuse and it should start from the grassroots as this will go a long way in reducing incidence of drug abuse among youths and the entire populace at large.
Keywords: Drug Abuse, Effect, Enlightenment, NDLEA, Youth.
TAX ADMINISTRATION AND E-TAXATION IN NIGERIA: BRINGING THE INFORMAL SECTOR INTO THE TAX-NET
NWACHUKWU, JOEL; & OLOYEDE, FUNMILAYO LIZZY
The Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Babcock University, Ilisan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
Abstract
Tax compliance by players in the informal sector is not only low but also, it belies the large number of persons the sector engages. As a result the government loses a lot of tax revenue which it requires to finance people-oriented projects. The situation is made worse by the dearth of data about these players’ economic activities and taxable incomes. These issues need to be addressed in line with the equity canon of taxation. Since public goods are enjoyed by players in both the formal and informal sector, there is need to equitably spread the burden of financing of such projects amongst the populace. This study set out to determine if the introduction of electronic taxation will enhance tax compliance and increase the quantum of revenues generated from the informal sector. The study adopted a survey design which involved the administration of copies of questionnaire to a sample of 400 scientifically determined from a population of 19,383,447 using the Taro Yamane formula. With a response rate of 93%, the study found that there is a link between e-taxation and tax compliance as well as between e-taxation and tax revenues generated. Since the adoption of e-taxation will reduce tax evasion and revenue leakages but promote tax compliance which will lead to higher tax revenue, the study recommended that tax administrators should adopt e-taxation. The study further recommended that the government should support the adoption of e-taxation with the right political will for the initiative to have the desired result.
Keywords: E-governance, E-taxation, informal sector, presumptive tax, self-assessment scheme, tax administration, tax compliance
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND THE MASS MEDIA
AINA, OLAJIDE FUNMI1 OBOMANU, FELICIA IHUOMA2, TEMPLE, OLUCHI EDITH3 ABIODUN, FOLUKE MARY4
*,**,***&****Department of General Studies, Federal Polytechnic, Ukana.
ABSTRACT
Social responsibility is an ethical framework and suggests that an entity, be it an organization or individual, has an obligation to act for the benefit of the society at large. This paper discusses the need for mass media to reconcile freedom with obligations to the society in which it operates. Implied in the notion is for the media practitioners to report truthful comprehensive, accurate accounts and representative picture of events and occurrences to keep the people fully informed, untrammeled by other forces outside the ethical prescriptions. The paper presented a critical evaluation of the application and constraints of the theory in Nigeria. The paper concluded that the media has been too hamstrung to fully equip the people with the right information to assess the performances of the leaders and make informed decisions in the participatory quest for nation building.
Keywords: Responsibility, obligations, accurate, representative and ethical
EXAMINING THE INADEQUATE INTEGRATIVE MOTIVATION AND LANGUAGE SKILLS ACQUISITION BY BAUCHI STATE STUDENTS NIGERIA
*DAHIRU MUSA ABDULLAHI, **HUSSAINI ALHAJI IDIRIS, ***LAMI SALEH
*English Language Programme School of General Studies Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic, Bauchi Bauchi State, Nigeria **English Department, School of Language Adamu Tafawa Balewa College of Education, Kangere Bauchi State, Nigeria, ****English Language Department Adamu Tafawa Balewa College of Education, Kangere Bauchi State, Nigeria
Abstract
This paper aims at finding out the efforts of a double problems, the lack of interest and consequents poor performance of students in English Language at the Primary and Secondary levels of our Educational System. It urges that apart from Nigeria causal factors, the lack of integrative motivation is a strong factor hampering students’ acquisition of language skills it has identified these factors and the effect and offered very useful suggestions for improvements.
Keywords: Language, acquisition, motivation, integration, learning.
POOR LEADERSHIP QUALITIES THE MAJOR CAUSE OF UNDER DEVELOPMENT OF THE AFRICAN REGION: THE CASE OF NIGERIA
*VEN EGESI JONATHAN CHIDOMERE, **UKPABI CHIDI, ***NWARU CHRISTIANA CHINWE
*&***Imo State Polytechnic Umuagwo Ohaji. Pmb 1472, **Owerri Lecturer Dept. of Sociology Imo State University, Owerri
Abstract
Over the years it has been discovered that good or quality leadership paves the way for every sector development in various nations .In as much as we would want certain other sectors to develop and grow there can be no way that we will be achieved without good leadership, thereby prioritizing politics .This paper is set out to exposing how necessary good leadership is to any nation that wish to develop .The question is what is good leadership about? Here, we are talking about the dedicated nature of leaders and the judicious use of resources meant for the development of the nation the way it ought to be used. Back home in Nigeria, leaders seem not be as patriotic as their counterparts abroad thereby affecting the developmental pace of the country and likewise leaders of African region too. Comparison of the region of Africa with others will clearly indicate that much need to be done .This worrisome situation is the reason for this study.
Keywords: Poor Leadership, Under Development, African Region, Nigeria, Quality.
ANALYSIS OF PEOPLE’S OPINIONS ON THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE LINGUISTIC TABOOS IN YORUBA LANGUAGE USAGE IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA
OYENIYI, FAGBENGA AGORO
Department of Yoruba Oyo State College of Education, Lanlate, Oyo State, Nigeria
Abstract
‘Eewo’ or ‘taboo’ comprises of a combination of the Yoruba unwritten constitutions that control the people’s socio-cultural, socio-economic, political and religious beliefs., this paper examines the two types of this philosophical and social-cultural concepts in Yoruba land by carrying out an analysis of linguistic taboos in Yorubaland with a specific reference to Southwestern Nigeria. Two hundred and fifty questionnaires were administered among Yoruba youths and adults in six institutions of higher learning in Southwestern Nigeria. The result showed that linguistic taboo were observed in Yoruba language usage to guide against the use of vulgar language among youths, to be polite in speech, to observe the socio-cultural beliefs among the Yoruba, and to be friendly in speech. It was also discovered that understanding the use and usage of these linguistic taboos hinges on the internalising the social, cognitive and cultural common grounds among the participants. The theoretical framework for the study was Dell Hymes (1964) concept of ‘Ethnography of Speech while simple percentage statistical tool was used in anaysing the data.
Keywords: Linguistic taboo, Yoruba language usage, Yoruba cosmology. Meaning negotiation, meaning interpretation.
RETIREMENT POLICY AND IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGE IN EDO STATE CIVIL SERVICE
*TIJANI SULEMAN OLATUJI, **MOMOH ALENOGHENA KARIM
*Department of Humanities And Social Sciences, School of General Studies, Auchi Polytechnic, Auchi, Edo State. **Department of Business Administration And Management, School of Business Studies, Auchi Polytechnic Auchi, Edo State.
ABSTRACT
It is an obvious fact that retirement is an exercise that awaits every worker, an inevitable stage that every worker must attain. But the exercise in Nigeria is one that is dreaded by all and sundary and this is borne out of the in effectiveness and inefficiency associated with the implementation of the policy in Nigeria therefore this research examined retirement policy and challenges of implementation in civil service of Edo State. The researcher examine whether the retirement policy is properly being implemented in Edo State civil service, the paper came out and revealed that retirement is not properly implemented in the civil service in Edo State and it was recommended among other that the retiree of civil service in Edo State must come together and firm organized and unified group with articulated interest and elect one who is very much recognized in terms of the level of education attained and who highly influential and also one who has the knowledge of what retirement is all about. The person must be a fellow retiree free from corruption and willing to represent the interest of the pensioners. Potential and active retiree must be enlightened in order to know all what pension entails, also provision must be made in adequate retirement policy to be implemented in the civil service of Edo State and employee satisfaction with the pension scheme.
Keywords: Retirement, Policy, Implementation, Challenge, Civil Service.
GOVERNMENT POLICY ON NIGERIAN EDUCATION AND ITS BENEFITS TO ALL MANKIND
*ANASIN SALISU MUHAMMAD; **MUSA BABA ABUBAKAR; **ADAM MUHAMMAD EL-HAMEES; & ***MURTALA AHMED,
*Registry Dept. Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi. **Dept. General Studies, School Of General Studies. Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi. ***Dept. Public Admin. Federal Polytechnic Bauchi.
Abstract
Education as an investment constitutes the largest enterprise in humankind. It is the principal instrument for academic progress, knowledge, social mobilization, political survival, best morality of life and effective national development of any country. Investment in education is a necessary condition for promotion of economic growth and national development. Educational institutions including schools are established and managed through the government policies, essentially to achieve certain stated goals and objectives. There is no way the goal and objectives of an education can be achieved without putting in place certain mechanisms towards ensuring the success of the policy towards human investment and achievement. In the school system, part of the integral pre-requisites to be put in place towards the actualization of the educational goal and objectives requires adequate provision of resources, maximum utilization and appropriate management of educational policy, resources to avoid wastages and improve the quality of the teaching, learning process in the academic environment. This paper therefore examined the conceptual policy, classification of education definition, Islam and Christianity definition, and the benefits of education.
Keywords: Education, Government policy and Benefits.
A CRITIQUE OF NIGERIAN CASE LAWS ON LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR TERMINATION/DISMISSAL OF EMPLOYEES FOR CRIME AND CRIMINAL MISCONDUCT.
KENNETH BAWO ATSENUWA
School of General Studies, Delta State Polytechnic, Ogwashi-Uku, Nigeria.
Abstract
This paper applies the doctrinal research method to appraise the legal framework and legal ambits of the rights of employers to terminate the employment of workers for misconduct constituting criminal offences on the one hand and crime per se on the other. This paper concludes that both in master/servant employment relationship as well as employment governed by statute, the employer has the legal right to terminate the employment of, or dismiss an employee for misconduct which also constitute criminal offences without first prosecuting and achieving conviction of the employee by a court. It also concludes that where an employee is on the other hand alleged to have committed a crime, he must first be tried and found guilty by a court of competent jurisdiction before his employer can proceed to dismiss him. It is recommended that employers should ensure that an employee is granted fair hearing in disciplinary procedure to prevent the courts from declaring their termination or dismissal a nullity.
Keywords: Legal Framework, Termination, Dismissal, Employee, Crime, Criminal Misconduct