CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES (CJHSS)
VOL. 22 NO. 4 – SEPTEMBER, 2021 EDITION
Published by:
Cambridge Research and Publications International,
Africa (Nigeria): Centre for African Humanity and Development Circle
(CAHDC), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
Email: cambridgenigeriapublications@gmail.com
Copyright © 2021 Cambridge Research and Publications International.
Papers:
SOCIAL MEDIA CELEBRITIES AND THE ADOPTION OF LIFESTYLE AMONGST UNDERGRADUATES OF THE FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, AKURE
OMOLAYO O. JEGEDE, PhD; PATRICIA E. ERNEST-ONUIRI, PhD; MARGARET SOLO-ANAETO, PhD; & ILORI TOLULEKE
Department of Mass Communication, Veronica Adeleke School of Social Sciences, Babcock University Ilishan-Remo, Ogun state.
ABSTRACT
While fast becoming part of our daily life, social media with its ubiquitous characteristic has lots of effects on Nigerian youths, most of which might not necessarily be positive. Most Nigerian youths engross themselves with outward appearances and status occasioned by a somewhat idolization of social media celebrities on various online platforms. The objective of this study was to find out how much of an influence social media celebrities have on the lifestyle adoption of youths in Nigeria. The study considered lifestyle from five perspectives namely: dress code, ability to use time wisely, decision making habits, extravagant spending and use of drugs. Anchored on Social Learning theory, the study made use of both quantitative and qualitative research approaches. Findings showed that 69.2% of the study participants are exposed to explicit contents posted by social media celebrities, while (43%) of the respondents are influenced by the dressings of celebrities on social media, The study recommends that operators of social media platforms make use of censorship functions for their websites and applications to check and frown at individuals and celebrities who publish explicit contents that can harm the psyche of the youths.
Keywords: Social media, Social media celebrities, Youth, Lifestyle, Adoption
GENDER, CULTURE AND DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA
GIFT UCHECHI NTIWUNKA PhD
Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Babcock University, Ilisan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
Abstract
Africa is endowed with both human and natural resources that does not reflect the level of development as most countries on the continent are among the poorest countries in the world. Gender roles as prescribed by culture contribute significantly to the state of development in Africa. Although there are cultural practices that impact the continent positively, there are some practices that favour men and deprive women of freedom, dignity and basic necessities of life resulting in the high rate of poverty among women. The paper examines some of these cultural practices which undermine gender roles in Africa and its implications for development using secondary sources of data that were content analysed. Findings reveal that these cultural practises have made it impossible for both genders to achieve their potentials and significantly contribute to the growth and development of their localities. Ensuring the freedom, dignity and wellbeing of all citizens will not only enhance personal growth but will also promote national development. Governments should continue to strengthen institutions that implement policies and programmes that guarantee the protection of the human rights of all citizens while community leaders should be re-oriented on the dangers of these harmful practices and their implications to development.
Keywords: Africa, Culture, Gender, Gender Roles, Development
PREVALENCE AND KNOWLEDGE OF IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION MESSAGES ON SOCIAL MEDIA IN NIGERIA: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE
HELEN ODUNOLA ADEKOYA, PHD & ADETOLA RAMOTALAI ADENUSI
Department of Mass Communication, Babcock University,Ilishan-Remo,Ogun State,Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Infertility is on the increase in Nigeria as its prevalence is estimated to 30%. Studies showed that the fertility age of the woman is bench marked between 15-44 years. However, some women may not have children within this age frame due to various factors. In the same vein scholars have established that about 30% of married couples in sub-Saharan Africa battle infertility as male partners constitute about 50% of the cases. One third of infertility cases have occurred as low sperm count, erectile issues, ejaculation challenges, diabetes, genetic problems, inflamed testes and problems with the tubes carrying sperm in men. However in Nigeria, 10% to 30% of couples are affected by infertility. In the bid to foster social and cultural interaction, society expect couples, especially the woman to have children within 12months of having unprotected sexual intercourse without considering the alternative child bearing options they can explore to achieve the goal of parenting. These alternative options include but not limited to in-vitro fertilization (IVF), surrogacy and pre-implantation genetic testing (PGT). In light of the aforementioned, this study sought to identify the prevalence and knowledge of in-vitro fertilization messages on social media in Nigeria. Following an extensive review of existing literature, the study thereby concludes that limited research is being done in this regard and interdisciplinary researchers may conduct further studies in this field using different variables and other forms of assisted reproductive technology.
Keywords: Prevalence, Knowledge, In-vitro fertilization messages, social media, Nigeria
REGIONAL SECURITY OPERATIONS AND SECURITY CHALLENGES IN LAKE CHAD BASIN: AN ASSESSMENT OF NIGERIA’S NATIONAL INTEREST IN THE REGION
ZANNOU ANDRE CORNEILLE SEHOU
Department of Political Science, Abomey-Calavi University (State Nat University), Republic of Benin
Abstract
Since 2009, Boko Haram has attacked the North-East of Nigeria, capturing territories and spreading to some parts of the Lake Chad Basin (LCB) region of Niger, Chad and Cameroon. This means that the LCB region practically needs serious interventions. Nigeria started an onslaught on Boko Haram at the onset of its activities in the North-East; however, before the formation of the joint task force by the Lake Chad Basin regional authorities, the activities of the sect had spread to neighbouring countries. It is very clear that nations always strive to protect their core interests, which security and defence always come first. The involvement of Nigeria in the security activities of the Lake Chad Basin can be seen as a means of achieving her national interest regarding safety, sovereign and national integrity. This paper attempts a critical assessment of Nigeria’s national interest in the Lake Chad Basin security operations. The paper argues that, Nigeria’s strong attachment to its territorial integrity was a national interest that hampered the effectiveness of regional collective security arrangement; therefore, the Lake Chad countries will continue to face strings of complex security challenges, at least till the near future. This holds to the fact that most of the countries in the LCB are not ready to play down on conflicting national interest to focus on full support of collective security for their mutual benefits by building a stronger and formidable regional security architecture.
Keywords: Security, Region, National Interest, Nigeria, Lake Chad Basin.
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE PROGRAMME IN FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC, NASARAWA, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
MR HUSSAINI TUKUR HASSAN; & MR OKAFOR, CHUKWUDI COSMAS
Department of Public Administration, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
The Tertiary Institutions Social Health Insurance Program (TISHIP)is one of the programs contained in the package of the Formal Sector Social Health Insurance Program (FSSHIP) of the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS), which objective was to take care of the health needs of students of tertiary institutions. This research entitled “Assessment of the Implementation of Tertiary Institutions Social Health Insurance Program” was intended to evaluate the success registered in its implementation. Both students and staff were used to raise a population of 3781 for the study, out of which 756 and 53 raised with the use of systematic random sampling were used as sample from the students and staff respectively. Questionnaire was used as the instrument of data collection, and data collected were analyzed using statistical mean and standard deviation. Additionally, pie charts were used to determine the percentage for each response group from the study sample. Decisions were based on rating scale which uses real limit of numbers. The study revealed some surmountable challenges encountered in the process of implementation such as delayed or no refund of out-of-pocket expenses, non issuance of identity cards to enrollees, inadequate facilities and equipment, etc. The findings showed that the program has recorded ‘high extent’ in affording students of the Institution access to good health services, taken the standard of health care delivery to ‘moderate level’. Based on the findings, the study drew the conclusion that though TISHIP is grappling with some challenges in the course of implementation, it is a worthwhile program that deserves to be sustained. In the light of the revealed challenges, some recommendations were made that: more medical personnel should be recruited; there should be prompt refund of out-of-pocket expenses, the waiting time between enrollment and issuance of identity cards to enrollees should be reduced to the barest minimum.
Keywords: tertiary, institutions, social, health, insurance, programme
COMPREHENSION AND PRACTICE OF MATERNAL HEALTH MESSAGES AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN IKENNE, OGUN STATE
AKINTAYO, BABAFEMI J., EKEH, CHARLES M., & HUNDER EGULOR
Department of Mass Communication, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State
Abstract
Maternal death has been a crippling subject for many nations of the world including Nigeria. To mitigate the risk of continued loss of lives of mothers and babies, maternal health messages are packaged and disseminated over the radio and other media by health professional and communication experts on regular basis. It is one thing to disseminate these vital messages and another for those concerned to comprehend them and take actions were necessary. This study therefore examined pregnant women’s comprehension and practice of maternal health messages in Ikenne Ogun state. The study utilized descriptive survey approach; multistage sampling technique was adopted in reaching 150 pregnant women (30 from each centre) who attend antenatal clinical sessions in the five primary healthcare centres situated in Ikenne LGA using a validated questionnaire administered by researchers during routine antenatal checks. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that pregnant women’s comprehension of maternal health messages was high although with so much to be improved upon. In the same vein, practice of health messages was found to be high in some, yet low in other areas. It was recommended that more efforts should be directed towards enabling pregnant women in Ikenne and elsewhere comprehend and practice health messages better than they do presently.
Keywords: Comprehension of health messages, practice of health messages, pregnant women, health messages, maternal health messages
INSTAGRAM USE AND FEMALE UNDERGRADUATES’ PERCEPTION OF BODY IMAGE
AJAEGBU, OGUCHI O. (PhD); IKECHUKWU, CHIZURUMOKE O.; JEGEDE, OMOLAYO O. (PhD): & OGUNWEMIMO, OLUWAFISAYO O. (PhD)
Department of Mass Communication, Babcock University, Ogun State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
This study examined how the use of Instagram by female undergraduates and the viewing of body related posts affect their body image. The study adopted the survey method with a sample size of 381 female students from Covenant, Crescent and Bells universities in Ogun State, Nigeria. It was discovered that female undergraduates’ exposure to Instagram body ideals significantly influenced their self-concepts (β= -0.277, r = -0.371, t= -7.113, p<0.05). These posts made female undergraduates to alter their body image by seeking to lose weight through exercising, portion control and also enhancing their skin colour with the use of skin lightening creams and soaps and other procedures (x̅ = 4.22). The study recommends that students who are experiencing body image dissatisfaction as a result of low self-concept can speak to a psychologist to avoid taking repercussive actions or measures.
Keywords: Body Ideals, Body Image, Instagram use, Self-Concept, Social Comparison
THE AMBIGUITIES OF OKOT P’BITEK’S DECOLONIZATION OF AFRICAN RELIGION
IKECHUKWU ANTHONY KANU
Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, Tansian University, Umunya, Anambra State
Abstract
A cursory glance reveals that anthropologists, philosophers, historians, colonial masters and missionaries have understood Africa variously. Unfortunately, this understanding has often been in the negative. This has relegated Africa to the background of mere obscurantism, and misled the world into believing that Africans are savages, primitive and reside in a dark continent where they sleep on trees, eat raw fruits and consort with apes. The need to reconstruct this history, has led to the emergence of positive efforts to re-establish, dig out and recover the stolen and damaged personality of the African by both scholars of African and western backgrounds. Okot p’Bitek remains one of those African scholars who have distinguished themselves in the critique of western misunderstanding or distortion of the African realities or worldview. This piece, therefore, focused on his critique of the western understanding of the African worldview. This work discovered that while trying to make an amend to the disfiguration of the African reality by western and African scholars, Okot showed himself a different class of his western and African counterparts as he is not without the influence of western thinkers. This paper employed the critical approach in the study of Okot p’Bitek’s understanding of the concept of African traditional religion by some western and African thinkers. Given the very nature and concerns of this approach in research, it would focus on a reflective assessment of Okot p’Bitek’s perspective in order to reveal the power and challenge the structures of his argument.
Keywords: Okot p’Bitek, Decolonization, Hellenization, African Traditional Religion
INTERNAL DEMOCRACY AND POLITICAL VIOLENCE IN RIVERS AND BAYELSA STATES, NIGERIA (2015 – 2020)
EKAT ROBERT AKPAMA; & OLURANTI AYOMOLA (Ph.D)
Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo
Abstract
The central issue in this study was the examination of the effects of internal democracy on political violence in Rivers and Bayelsa states, Nigeria. This study became necessary because little attention has been paid to the understanding of this problem, particularly around the unique role of clientelism. This study looked at the subject matter of political violence, as it is affected by internal democracy. The study adopted quantitative method. Four hundred (400) copies of a structured questionnaire were administered to respondents selected using multi-stage sampling technique from across the area of study. While 379 (93.7%) copies were retrieved, 21 (6.3%) copies were not returned. Quantitative data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study adopted the Frustration-Aggression Theory as the theoretical framework. Findings of the descriptive study revealed that internal democracy had effect on political violence in Rivers and Bayelsa states (2.98 grand mean). The clientelistic actions of godfathers played a role in the issues of internal democracy within political parties in Rivers and Bayelsa states (3.21 grand mean). This study concludes that internal democracy has average/moderate impact on political violence in Rivers and Bayelsa states. The clientelistic actions of godfathers play significant roles in the issues of internal democracy within political parties in Rivers and Bayelsa states. The study recommended among others that political parties must place limits on financial contributions of members, and also device creative means of getting funds so as to reduce the likelihood of getting godfathers.
Keywords: Clientilism, Election, Internal Democracy, Political Party, Political violence
ECHNOPRENEURSHIP AND PERFORMANCE OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN SMALL SCALE ENTERPRISE, A STUDY OF SELECTED FIRMS IN ADO ODO OTA
*AKINYELE SAMUEL TAIWO; **AKINYELE ESTHER FEYISAYO; & *JOSEPH, ADEDOTUN DORCAS
*Dept. of Entrepreneurial Studies, College of Management Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria **Dept. of Business Administration, School of Postgraduate Studies, Crawford University, Faith City, Igbesa, Ogun State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
This research study examined technopreneurship and performance of women entrepreneurs on the economy of Ota, Nigeria. it sought to find the roles and contributions of women in small scale enterprise operators to the development of the city. Stratified random sampling was used to select 100 respondents, which is the study area. Primary data was collected on personal data, personality traits, entrepreneurial education, with the use of structured questionnaire. Data were analysed, using statically tools such as correlation and regression analysis in testing hypotheses and analysis of variation(anova) which helped in the interpretation of result. There is positive relationship between fashion designing and manpower development, since the correlation value is 0.159 and the p-value of 0.113 is lesser than 0.005(sig.level). also, the analysis of variation (anova) table shows the fcal 29.245 at 0.000 significant determines the size of women entrepreneurs, and also the p-value (0.000) is less than 0.05. while, the p-value of 0.000 shows that it less than 0.1 (sig.level), which means that there is statistical significant positive correlation of return on investment and profitability. in conclusion, the study therefore recommends that the state government should encourage women in entrepreneurial activities and provide sound conducive business environment for women through provision of infrastructure facilities such as power supply, good roads, water and micro credit that will enhance women’s participation in business.
Keywords: Technopreneurship, Women Entrepreneur, SSEs,, Development, Economy, Entrepreneurial Education
APPRAISAL OF DEMANDS ON FUELWOOD AS SOURCE OF ENERGY AGAINST OTHER SOURCES IN BAUCHI METROPOLIS, BAUCHI STATE
*BALA, SAGIR MADAKI; & **YAHUZA SHEHU
*Department of General Studie, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi **Department of Leisure and Tourism, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi
ABSTRACT
This study attempts to establish, through the use of questionnaires, the extent on reliance on fuel woods as against other energy sources in metropolitan Bauchi, Bauchi state. There exist inequalities in fuel wood consumption levels between households types with different income categories. Preferences also exist in the type of trees used as fuel wood. Cost of fuel wood was found to be driving force for its demand etc. Ways at curtailing excessive use of fuelwood were recommended
Keywords: Demands, Fuelwood, Energy, Sources, Bauchi Metropolis, Bauchi State
CONSEQUENCES OF HEIGHTENED TRIBALISM IN NIGERIA: A BREACH OF FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHT.
AMARACHI KELECHI NDIFE
Department of Business Administration and Management, Federal Polytechnic Oko
ABSTRACT:
There are several rights that are accorded to Nigerian citizens by numerous laws. There are also rights that are placed above other rights and these rights are inalienable rights. The inalienable rights are provided by the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999. The fundamental human rights encompasses the right to life, right to dignity of human person, right to freedom from discrimination and others. The constitution provides that a person should not be subjected to any constraint or any disadvantage; or accorded any advantage or special benefits merely because he/she is of a particular ethnic group, sex, of a particular religious or political opinion or he originates from a particular place. Tribalism in Nigeria which entails loyalty to a particular ethnic group engenders actions and attitudes that entails the discrimination of certain ethnic groups especially the minority ethnic groups and it is a breach of the fundamental human right. In developed countries like Australia, United States of America, there are a lot of anti-discrimination laws that were put in place to curb tribalism, racism and other forms of discrimination. Tribalism was one of the major reasons behind the formulation of some anti-discrimination laws in some developed country. The concentration of people who were originally from different countries in the United States and their deep identification with some states in United States than others engendered tribalism. This brought about denial of some citizens of their basic rights and the United States Constitution introduced certain principles in Bill of Rights to curb it. Now, in Nigeria, where tribalism is overly practised and people are denied of their basic rights, there are no sufficient legislations put in place to curb tribalism. In the absence of sufficient laws on discrimination to restrain tribalistic practices, tribalism continues to thrive in Nigeria. Failure of Nigeria to recognize the impact of tribalism on the economy and in the society in general had inhibited the legislature from making more laws to inhibit tribalism. This paper portrays deficiency of laws as the tool that fosters tribalism in Nigeria. If adequate laws are made available, it would have encouraged more people to go to court and challenge discrimination on the basis of tribalism. This article will be of immense importance to law makers in making more and better laws that are consistent with constitution in deterring discrimination on basis of tribe.
Keywords: Tribe, tribalism/ ethnicity, minority group, discrimination, human right.
CONSEQUENCES OF HEIGHTENED TRIBALISM IN NIGERIA: A BREACH OF FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHT.
AMARACHI KELECHI NDIFE
Department of Business Administration and Management, Federal Polytechnic Oko
ABSTRACT:
There are several rights that are accorded to Nigerian citizens by numerous laws. There are also rights that are placed above other rights and these rights are inalienable rights. The inalienable rights are provided by the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999. The fundamental human rights encompasses the right to life, right to dignity of human person, right to freedom from discrimination and others. The constitution provides that a person should not be subjected to any constraint or any disadvantage; or accorded any advantage or special benefits merely because he/she is of a particular ethnic group, sex, of a particular religious or political opinion or he originates from a particular place. Tribalism in Nigeria which entails loyalty to a particular ethnic group engenders actions and attitudes that entails the discrimination of certain ethnic groups especially the minority ethnic groups and it is a breach of the fundamental human right. In developed countries like Australia, United States of America, there are a lot of anti-discrimination laws that were put in place to curb tribalism, racism and other forms of discrimination. Tribalism was one of the major reasons behind the formulation of some anti-discrimination laws in some developed country. The concentration of people who were originally from different countries in the United States and their deep identification with some states in United States than others engendered tribalism. This brought about denial of some citizens of their basic rights and the United States Constitution introduced certain principles in Bill of Rights to curb it. Now, in Nigeria, where tribalism is overly practised and people are denied of their basic rights, there are no sufficient legislations put in place to curb tribalism. In the absence of sufficient laws on discrimination to restrain tribalistic practices, tribalism continues to thrive in Nigeria. Failure of Nigeria to recognize the impact of tribalism on the economy and in the society in general had inhibited the legislature from making more laws to inhibit tribalism. This paper portrays deficiency of laws as the tool that fosters tribalism in Nigeria. If adequate laws are made available, it would have encouraged more people to go to court and challenge discrimination on the basis of tribalism. This article will be of immense importance to law makers in making more and better laws that are consistent with constitution in deterring discrimination on basis of tribe.
Keywords: Tribe, tribalism/ ethnicity, minority group, discrimination, human right.
APPRAISAL OF COMMON ERRORS IN SPOKEN ANI) WRITTEN ENGLISH AMONG 400 LEVEL STUDENTS OF GOMBE STATE UNIVERSITY
BOBOYE TAIWO ADEKEMI
School of General Studies, Department of Languages, Federal Polytechnic, Oko.
Abstract
This work looked at common errors in both spoken and written English committed by students of tertiary institutions with specific attention on 400 level students of Gombe State University. The piece brought out the errors committed 1/7 rough the examination of questionnaires to 100 students drawn from the various departments cutting across three faculties in the institution namely; Faculty of Education, Faculty of Science and Faculty of Arts and Social Science. The work also made an attempt to correct the errors and suggested ways by which students’ use of English can he improved upon.
Keywords: Error, Spoken and Written English.
AN APPRAISAL OF ETHNO ETHNIC CRISIS IN NIGERIA: THE NEED FOR REMEDIATION
*MOHAMMED MUSA; **SULEIMAN ADAMU; & *FELIX HASLEY
*Department of International Relation and Strategic Studies, Adamawa State Polytechnic Yola. **Department of Crime Prevention Management and Control, Adamawa State Polytechnic Yola
Abstract:
Nigeria is enmeshed in unresolved and unsetting religion conflict of great magnitude that has defied solution up till this moment with its attendant negative consequences on the socio potential and economic well-being of the country. Under the current fourth republic ushered in 1999, politicians mobilized groups based on ethnic and religion to achieve their selfish aims. Violent youth gangs and militant are formed and unleash harm on the innocent citizen through the expression of ethno-religion violence. Nigeria’s political history is replete with unresolved and unsettling ethno-religious fracas and largely impotent panels to determine their causes with a view of preventing future occurrence when conflicts have not occurred, or have somehow abated; associated tensions have remained high, with all the attendant negative consequences on the socio-political and economic development in the country. Therefore, the paper seeks to address the consequences of ethno-religious crises with a view to proffer solutions. The paper use secondary school data to arrive at its conclusion and recommendations.
Keywords: Ethnicity, Ethnic group, Conflict, Ethno-religious crisis
THE ROLE OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN FOSTERING SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
*JOHN BUBA JOSHUA; **HADASSAH B. MALLE; & ***CLIFFORD OTU OBI
*Department of General studies- Gombe state College of Health Sciences and Technology, Kaltungo. **Department of General Studies, Gombe state polytechnic, Bajoga. ***Department of General studies, College of Education Billiri.
Abstract
English language has the status of being the sole official language in Nigeria, and the language of instruction in the country. Its role in fostering socio-economic development cannot be overemphasized. The study examined the role of the English Language in the socio-economic Development of Nigeria. The study observed that English language is a political and social element in the process of the socio-economic development of the Nigerian state and as an essential element of national development. This paper also recommends that grassroots language education should be given to all citizens. This, in turn, will help promote human capacity building and the socioeconomic development of Nigeria.
Keywords: English Language, Socio-Economic, Development, Role, Fostering, Nigeria.
VERS UNE REDYNAMISATION DE L’ENSEIGNEMENT DE L’EXPRESSION ORALE EN CLASSE DU FRANÇAIS LANGUE ÉTRANGÈRE
BABATUNDE OLAWUMI AYODELE; ET AKANDE OLUBUKOLA ABOSEDE
Emmanuel Alayande College of Education, Oyo, Oyo State
Résumé
Après avoir enseigné le français au collège d’éducation, nous avons découvert que certains aspects très importants de cette langue ne sont pas toujours bien exploités. L’oral qui constitue le noyau de l’apprentissage pose encore des problèmes surtout chez les apprenants. C’est dans cette optique que cette communication vise à jeter un coup d’œil à la manière dont la compétence communicative est perçue dans le milieu scolaire nigérian. La communication se concerne aussi de voir comment nous pouvons améliorer l’enseignement de l’oral pour faciliter la production chez les apprenants. Suite à une brève présentation de la théorie de compétence communicative issue de Dell Hymes, nous avons proposé quelques démarches que les enseignants désireux de bons résultats en classe de l’oral pourraient suivre pour redynamiser les cours de l’oral.
Mots-clés : Redynamisation, la compétence de communication, l’oral, le français langue étrangère, enseignement/apprentissage.
TERTIARY EDUCATION TRUST FUND (TETFUND) AND PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN BAUCHI STATE OF NIGERIA: A STUDY OF FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC BAUCHI 2012-2019
OKOLO CHRISTOPHER CHUCK1 PROF. YAHAYA A. ADADU2, DR. MUHAMMAD BELLO BABAN UMMA3 & PROF. ABDULLAHI MUHAMMAD YAMMA4
1Department of General Studies, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi State. 2,3,4Department of Political Science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi Nasarawa State
ABSTRACT
The study examined the effect of Tertiary Education Trust Fund intervention on infrastructural development in Tertiary institution in Bauchi state. The study utilized both primary and secondary method of data collection. Descriptive and used to present data, inferential Statistics was used to analyzed the data while content analysis was used to analysis the secondary data. Weighed Mean score was used to validate the research propositions using the decision rule of 3.00. Institutional Theory as propounded by Meyer and Rowan (1977) was adopted as theoretical framework. Findings from the study revealed that the state of physical infrastructure in Federal Polytechnic Bauchi before the TETFUND intervention were inadequate and dysfunctional. Findings from the study also show that, TETFund as intervention agency has addressed some of the challenges of physical infrastructure in Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi. The study recommends that, Government at different levels should be committed to educational development instead of leaving the whole weight to TETFund that is even a supporting agency. Emphasis should be on development and maintenance of physical infrastructure to avoid decay of critical infrastructure. The Federal Government should adopt full implementation of Public-Private Partnership policy to complement the effort of TETFund rather than completely depending on the agency to provide the entire physical infrastructure in the institutions. The Federal government should allocate adequate funds to enable TETFund complete the on-going projects and as well initiate new ones in order to increase access to education in the country. The government should review the current 2% company tax. This is because the major source of funding available to the TETFund remains the 2% tax collected from the companies the 2% tax from accessible profit of registered companies in Nigeria, which need to be reviewed to a range between 3% to 5% so as to provide enough funding for the agency to execute her major objectives.
Keywords: Tertiary Education, Trust Fund, infrastructure, intervention, TETFund.
LEADERSHIP FOR GOOD GOVERNANCE IN NIGERIA
AGABA, ADAH EKOJA; & GIDEON, VICTOR OLORUNFEMI PhD,
Human Capital Policy Department, Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER)
Abstract
Leadership in government is a great determinant of success of governance in any organised political system. Nigeria is blessed with natural and human resources, yet the battles with leadership and governance remain unsortable since her political independence from the British. The causes of governance failure and the problems of leadership in Nigeria is the focus of this paper. The data used for the paper was basically secondary in nature. The paper concluded that transparent, committed and transformational leadership is highly required for good governance and sustainable development in Nigeria.
Keywords: Leadership, Governance, Development, Government, Nigeria.
EFFECT OF ACCULTURATION OF WESTERN AND RELIGIOUS VALUES ON TANGALE TRADITIONAL VALUES OF BILLIRI LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA.
*JALO, AYUBA SOLOMON; **ADAMU, RUTH ENOCH PhD; & ***OHOLIABS, D. TUDUKS PhD
*Department of Christian Religious Studies, School of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal, College of Education Okene, Kogi State **Department of Arts Education, Faculty of Education, University of Jos. ***Department of Religious Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Science, Gombe State University
Abstract
Colonialism, Missionaries, and Islam are the platforms upon which western civilization and cultural values have previously been contaminated. The pattern of home growth, political system good governance, established acceptable morals and etiquettes economics potentiality and acceptable institutional rule-making arrangement have been altered. This research foresaw the monism and importance of Tangale evolving globally, and the potentials for sustainable development even without the regression of contact with foreign cultures. The paper adopted the descriptive, analytic model to drive its points and posit neoliberalism concepts towards colonialism and missionaries to buttress the effects of western culture on traditional world view moreover, putting forth viable options as a panacea for Tangale to review its cultural logjam. This is important because the Tangale nation will appreciates its God’s given culture and potentials in impacting their cultural values to the younger ones and to the entire world on which they may be found.
Keywords: Acculturation, Tangale People, Western Values, Religious Values, Traditional Values.
THE YORUBA RACE AND NIGERIAN POLITICS
OTUMALA SIMON JONAH PhD
Political Science Department, Federal College of Education, P.M.B 2096, Abeokuta, Ogun State
ABSTRACT
The Yoruba race occupies an undisputable large expanse of the Nigerian State and has a population that spreads across other continent of the world. This qualifies her as one of the nations that spread beyond a definable territory. This advantage therefore presents the Yoruba race as one that should have the capability and placement to determine the direction of events in the present day Nigerian politics. Given this position, it becomes a problematic situation to note that amidst its strategic advantage that is evident in its population and geographic spread, it has failed to fully take its place in national and global politics. Consequent upon the forgoing, this paper critically examines the historical foundation of Yoruba nation and its involvement in Nigerian politics. Data for this study will be obtained from secondary source. The study discovered that the Yoruba nation is undergoing a form of strategic marginalization in Nigerian politics and by implication this has limited its chances of actualizing its full potential even when it held leadership position in Nigeria, her power-play was determined by forces outside of the political equation. It therefore recommends that for Nigeria to actualize its full potentials of comprehensive national development, it is important that the intellectual, economic, social and religious advantage possessed by the Yoruba nation be given considerable recognition and primacy of place by the nation handlers, which should be reciprocated in other places where the Yoruba race is found.
Keywords: Geographical Spread; Global Politics; Marginalization, Yoruba; Nigerian Politics
THE DYNAMICS OF CHRISTIANITY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHANGES IN THE FIVE L.G OF OGBOMOSO, OYO STATE – NIGERIA
OKE, TOYIN M.; AND ILORI, MORONKE O.
National Museum, Ogbomoso. Oyo State, Nigeria.
Abstract
Many people are of the opinion that Christian Missions came to Nigeria primarily to preach the gospel and their impacts are not felt in other areas of life. Similarly, it has become general opinion that most of the social amenities in the area of study are the effect of efforts put in place by the government. Apparently, this paper examined the dynamics of Christianity and its impact on socio-economic development of Ogbomoso. In this paper, we made use of secondary sources, that is, books, journals, unpublished theses and archival materials. Correlative research method cannot be avoided because views, facts, opinions were correlated particularly on the activities of Christian Missions. However, it was observed that there was and there is mutual relationship among the missions that are competing in developmental programmes. Missions were mutual in elite-building of the Ogbomoso Youths. Finally, the paper recommended that evangelism should not be restricted to spirituality only but social needs must be a counterpart of church growth.
Keywords: Dynamics, Christianity, Socio-Economic, Changes and Ogbomoso.
THE THEORIES OF THE STATE: DIVERSE PERSPECTIVE
DAMISAH MARYANN OMOKHEFUE (MRS)
Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, School of General Studies, Auchi Polytechnic, Auchi, Edo State
ABSTRACT
This study ascertains the diverse perspective of the theories of the state. The State, acting through its agent; government, is an association specifically created to pursue those ends that will promote the temporal well being or interests of its members. Diverse schools of thought were developed to effectively comprehend the concept of theory of state, amongst which are; power, freedom and equality, law and justice and liberty and right. There are three purposes for which the State exists to include the duty to protect society from the violence and invasion of other independent societies; the duty to protect subjects from injustice, by establishing a system of justice; and the duty of erecting and maintaining certain public works and institutions that will cater for the well being of the subjects. The study concludes that, for the State to continuously exist to exploit the exploited, the State sometimes enjoys some form of relative autonomy and assumes responsibility to provide for the wellbeing of the masses. There is need to recommend, therefore, that the chief and basic end of the State and politics in Nigeria and other Third World countries should be focused on the basic needs of the citizenry, in which the desire to provide infrastructural facilities like pipe-borne water supply; good, quality and durable roads network. Also, the State in Nigeria must therefore operate a rule or an ideology with which to tackle its concrete operational responsibilities.
Keywords: Politics, theory, theories diverse, perspective, the state
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF FARMERS – FULANI HERDSMEN CONFLICTS ON AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT IN MAIHA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ADAMAWA STATE
LIMAN, SALE AWALU
Adamawa State Polytechnic, Yola, Department of General Studies, SABS,Numan.
Abstract
This study analysed the conflict between farmers and Fulani herdsmen in Maiha LGA of Adamawa State with particular emphases on its effects on Agricultural output in the study area, the study adopted the theory of dialectical materialism which insist on interpreting mass consciousness and activities in society based on the competitive balance and satisfaction of economic factors among different groups. The study adopted a survey design techniques via purposive and random sampling in which five wards were selected. A questionnaire method was adopted and distributed to a sample of 96 Farmers and herders from the chosen population. The study used descriptive methods of analysis of percentage and chi-square to examine the effects of the attacks on farmers and herders output in the Local Government. The study found that, famers and herders conflicts has negative effects on agricultural output. The result of the X2 test has proved that (X2 comp >X2 tab) which resulted to the rejection of the null hypothesis which states there is no significant relationship between farmers-herders conflicts and agricultural output. The study also found that the following are the major causes of famers-herders conflicts, Cattle rustling and banditry, Proliferation of small arms, Water scarcity, Desertification, Population expansion, Increasing unemployment, Destruction of farm land, Fake news and media propaganda and reprisal attack. The study therefore recommended that, element of compromise and arbitration should be devised to resolve conflict. The study suggests that, the farmers need to be educated on the need for peaceful coexistence between them and the farmers; there is a need also for the farmers to evacuate their farm products immediately after harvest and also avoid farming on cattle ways. There is a need also for the government to empower the traditional in handling and punishing whoever is causing trouble within their area and also serves as mediators between both farmers and herdsmen. The Local Government should create reserves areas and transits path for herder’s activities in the study area and also
Keywords: Famers, Herdsmen, conflict, Chi-square, Agricultural output.
THE IMPERATIVES OF TIV ORAL POETRY AND PERFORMANCE
EMMANUEL TARHEMBA, Ph.D
Department of Arts, Isa Mustapha Agwai I Polytechnic, Lafia, Nasarawa State
Abstract
All pre-literate societies had no written literature but possessed one form of oral performance or the other as handed down to them by their forbears. These are transmitted or handed over by word of mouth through successive generations. The transmission is through stories or songs. The desire of writers of African oral literature to preserve, assert and showcase their rich cultural heritage to the outside world informed the transfer of oral traditions into the written form. African writers such as Niyi Osundare, Kofi Awonoor, Amos Tutuola, Chinua Achebe, Ngugi wa Thiong’o among others, skillfully infuse one form of oral tradition or the other into their literary works. This study is similarly an attempt at showcasing, promoting and preserving Tiv culture of death and burial. Three poems (dirges) by three oral poets among the Tiv of Central Nigeria are selected to demonstrate this. In analysing the thematic concerns of the poems, they are transcribed and translated into the English language.
Keywords: Oral poetry, written poetry, culture, death, dirge
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